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Description

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What is Refinery

A refinery is a production unit that separates, processes and refines petroleum derivatives from various feeds, such as crude oil with different APIs and gas condensate, and each refinery has production plans. It is specific, which is determined based on the equipment provided, operational costs and the amount of demand for the products.

In this article, an attempt has been made to provide some information in simple language regarding the Mini Refinery in order to create a clear perspective and mentality for investors who intend to invest in this field, as well as information that can be used for science.

a brief description of products

Therefore, for this purpose, first, a brief description of products, operations units, and the degree of complexity (NCI) of a refinery will be provided, then descriptions of mini-refinery, its units, and products will be provided. production methods and finally the factors and reasons for the appropriateness of investment in this field are presented.

In general, the products produced in the refinery are:

• liquefied gas (LPG)
• Naphtha
• Petrol
• jet fuel
• kerosene
• Gasoline
• Fuel oil
• Petroleum oils
• Paraffin wax
• Asphalt and bitumen
• petroleum coke
• sulfur

• In a general category, regardless of the dehydration and salter units, these units are located near the extraction well and perform the primary treatment of the feed.

The refinery units are as follows:

• Distillation
• Catalytic conversion
• Hydrogen breakdown or isomax
• Catalytic failure
• Viscosity reduction
• liquid gas
• Refinement of naphtha with hydrogen
• Refinement of oil and gas with hydrogen
• Gas purification with amine
• Preparation of sulfur

Small-scale oil derivatives

Small-scale oil derivatives separation units with low capacity compared to large refineries, to produce products that can be used for consumers from various feeds, including crude oil and gas condensates, are known as mini-refineries or small refineries, which should not be classified as topping plants. It was wrong because a mini-refinery has a combination of different units of a refinery whose refining capacity varies depending on the design.

In a general classification

the mini refinery can be divided into the following units:
1- Production unit:

1-1) Furnaces

1-2) towers (atmospheric and vacuum)

1-3) Condensers

1-4) intermediate tanks

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2- Utility Unit:

2-1) Water purification equipment

2-2) Hot oil or steam boiler

2-3) Fire fighting system

2-4) Cooling tower

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3- Reservoirs unit:

3-1) feed and product tanks

3-2) Unloading and loading

3-3) Sweetening system

4-3) Blending system

4- Laboratory unit

5- Power unit: including power, automation and instrumentation

6- Administrative unit